Dangerous driving and the Law (No.26)

Table of contents

• Executive Summary
• Abstract
• Chapter 1
• Introduction
• Chapter 2
• Current Position
• 2.1 Current legislation
• 2.2 Legal principles
• 2.3 Procedures
• 2.3.1 SCOTLAND
• 2.3.2 ENGLAND AND WALES
• Chapter 3
• Methodology
• 3.1 Research design
• 3.2 Research tasks
• 3.2.1 CASE TRACKING
• 3.2.2 INTERVIEWS
• 3.2.3 POSTAL SURVEY
• 3.2.4 ANALYSIS OF CONVICTION DATA HELD BY DVLA
• 3.2.5 ANALYSIS OF CONVICTION DATA HELD BY THE HOME OFFICE
• 3.2.6 ANALYSIS OF FATAL ACCIDENTS
• Chapter 4
• 4.1 Analysis of fatal accidents
• Chapter 4
• 4.2 Trends in conviction and sentencing
• 4.2.1 SCOTLAND
• Figure 1: Proceedings in Scotland: all motoring offences and Careless Driving
• Figure 2: Proceedings in Scotland: all motoring offences and Careless Driving
• Figure 3: Percentage of proceedings in Scotland where a charge was proved
• 4.2.2 ENGLAND AND WALES
• Figure 4: Proceedings: all motoring offences and Careless Driving
• 
• Figure 5: Proceedings: all motoring offences and Reckless/Dangerous Driving
• 
• Figure 6: Percentage of proceedings with a guilty verdict
• Chapter 4
• 4.3 Police investigations
• Chapter 4
• 4.4 The decision to prosecute
• 4.4.1 DECIDING ON THE CORRECT CHARGE
• INCORRECT CHARGING (ENGLAND AND WALES)
• INATTENTION
• DELIBERATE ACTION
• 4.4.2 SPEEDING
• 4.4.3 SCOTLAND
• 4.4.4 ENGLAND AND WALES
• Chapter 4
• 4.5 Delays in England and Wales
• Chapter 4
• 4.6 Prosecution in court
• 4.6.1 ANALYSIS OF CASE HISTORIES
• 4.6.1.1 Description of defendants
• 4.6.1.2 Offences
• 4.6.1.3 The absence of an accident
• 4.6.1.4 Elements of bad driving
• DANGEROUS DRIVING ELEMENTS
• CARELESS DRIVING ELEMENTS
• 4.6.1.5 Lapses, violations, errors and aggressiveness
• LAPSE IN CONCENTRATION AMONGST DANGEROUS DRIVING OFFENCES
• Chapter 4
• 4.6.2 ISSUES ARISING IN PROSECUTION
• 4.6.2.1 Sheriff Court vs High Court (Scotland only)
• 4.6.2.2 Plea-bargaining
• 4.6.2.3 Technicalities
• 4.6.2.4 Multiple offences
• 4.6.2.5 Judges (England and Wales only)
• 4.6.2.6 Juries
• 4.6.2.7 Consequences
• 4.6.2.8 The Simmonds Appeal (England only)
• 4.6.2.11 Quality of prosecution
• 4.6.3 PENALTIES
• 4.6.3.1 The gaps between penalties
• 4.6.3.2 Fines
• 4.6.3.3 Community service
• 4.6.3.4 Forfeiture of a vehicle
• 4.6.3.5 Penalty points
• 4.6.3.6 Disqualification
• 4.6.3.7 Driver Improvement Scheme
• 4.6.3.8 Imprisonment
• 4.6.3.9 Mitigation
• Chapter 4
• 4.7 Coroners' Inquests (England and Wales)
• Chapter 4
• 4.8 Fatal Accident Inquiries (Scotland)
• Chapter 4
• 4.9 The role of victims' families
• Chapter 4
• 4.10 Criminal histories of persons convicted of Dangerous Driving in 1996 (England and Wales)
• 4.10.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLE OF DANGEROUS DRIVERS
• Figure 9: Age distribution of those convicted of Dangerous Driving in 1996
• Figure 10: Age distribution of offenders convicted of Dangerous Driving compared to those convicted of other offences
• 
• 4.10.2 CRIMINAL HISTORY OF DANGEROUS DRIVERS
• Figure 11: Percentage of offenders convicted by number of previous court appearances
• Figure 12: The proportion of additional offences dealt with at the same court appearance as the Dangerous Driving offence
• Figure 13: Distribution of previous offences commited by the dangerous drivers with three or more previous court appearances
• Figure 14: The proportion of offenders convicted of Dangerous Driving in 1996 by the number of subsequent court appearances in 1997
• 4.10.3 PENALTIES FOR DANGEROUS DRIVERS
• Figure 15: Percentage of offenders convicted of Dangerous Driving by number of sentencing occasions and type of sentence given
• Chapter 4
• 4.11 Driving violation history of persons convicted of Dangerous Driving in 1999
• 4.11.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLE
• Figure 16: Age distribution of persons convicted of Dangerous Driving in 1999
• Figure 17: ACORN categories of persons convicted of Dangerous Driving and Great Britain as a whole
• 4.11.2 THE DANGEROUS DRIVING OFFENCE
• Figure 18: The length of disqualification period
• Figure 19: The proportion of Dangerous Driving convictions that resulted in additional sentences
• 4.11.3 DRIVING VIOLATION HISTORY
• Figure 20: Proportion of Dangerous Driving offenders with a previous conviction by type
• Figure 21: Percentage of offences committed on the first, second and third appearance date
• Chapter 4
• 4.12 Summary of re-offending and re-test analysis
• RE-OFFENDING WITH A FURTHER DANGEROUS DRIVING OFFENCE
• REOFFENDING WITH ANY MOTORING OFFENCE
• THE EFFECT OF RE-TESTING
• Chapter 5
• Discussion
• Chapter 6
• Possible changes in legislation
• Chapter 7
• Conclusions
• 7.1 Key questions
• 7.2 Profile of dangerous drivers
• 7.3 The offences
• 7.4 Prosecution
• 7.5 Penalties
• 7.6 Police investigations
• 7.7 Victims
• Chapter 8
• Recommendations
• Chapter 9
• Further work
• Chapter 10
• Acknowledgements
• Chapter 11
• References
• Appendix A
• North Report conclusions
• Appendix C
• Re-offending and re-tests
• Appendix C
• C.1 RE-OFFENDING WITH A FURTHER DANGEROUS DRIVING OFFENCE
• Figure C1: Percentage of male offenders without a further Dangerous Driving offence
• C.1.1 PRISON SENTENCE AND RE-OFFENDING
• Appendix C
• C.2 RE-OFFENDING WITH ANY MOTORING OFFENCE
• Figure C7: Percentage of male offenders without a further motoring offence
• C.2.1 PRISON SENTENCE AND LENGTH OF DISQUALIFICATION AND RE-OFFENDING
• Figure C8: Percentage of male offenders without a further driving motoring offence: disqualification period
• C.2.2 SOCIAL STATUS AND AGE
• C.2.3 DRIVING VIOLATION HISTORY
• Figure C9: Percentage of male offenders without a further motoring offence: number of other offences
• Appendix D
• Survival analysis
• Appendix E
• The Simmonds Appeal
• Appendix F
• Description of ACORN categories
• Appendix G
• Legal precedents
• R. v. Krawec [1984] 6 Cr.App.R.(S.) 367Lord Lane C.J. and Otton J.
• R. v. Downing [1996] 1 Cr.App.R.(S.) 419Swinton Thomas L.J., Waterhouse and Harrison J.J.
• R. v. Moore [1994] 16 Cr.App.R.(S).536Lord Taylor C.T., Potts and Sachs T.T.
• R. v. Stokes [1998] 1 Cr.App.R.(S.) 282Lord Bingham C.T. and Dyson T.
• Appendix H
• General gravity factors
• Appendix I
• Standard list offences
• Appendix J
• Case histories
• Appendix J
• Case histories
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• Appendix J
• Case histories
• Appendix J
• Case histories
• Appendix J
• Case histories
• Appendix J
• Case histories

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